What is multiple myeloma?
Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called plasma cells. This disorder is incurable, but with the help of treatments, the progression of the condition can be slowed down. Plasma cells in the human body produce antibodies that fight infections. In multiple myeloma, plasma cells release excessive proteins into the bones and blood. They multiply it at a fast pace, which, in turn, can lead to organ damage.

The symptoms of multiple myeloma

Pain in the bones, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, hypercalcemia, anemia, high protein levels in the blood, kidney problems, and frequent infections are some common symptoms of multiple myeloma. Immediately consider seeing a doctor if you suffer from any of these symptoms regularly. Sometimes, doctors may accidentally detect myeloma through routine blood and urine tests. To confirm the result, bone marrow and imaging tests may also be done.

Treatments for multiple myeloma

In the initial stages, a few people don’t experience any symptoms. In such cases, treatments may not be needed. However, it is essential to make regular visits to the doctor to monitor the condition. This could be done by periodic urine and blood tests. However, if there are signs of the condition progressing, the treatment should be commenced.

Some standard multiple myeloma treatments options include:

• Targeted therapy
  These drugs can be administered through a vein in the arm or through pills. These drugs block the myeloma cells from functioning, breaking down proteins, which causes the myeloma cells to die.
• Biological therapy
  These drugs use the body’s immune system to fight myeloma cells. Medications like Thalomid, Revlimid, and Pomalyst, usually taken in a pill form, enhance the immune system’s cells that identify and attack cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy
  Most commonly used in combination with other treatment/drugs. It kills fast-growing cells.
• Corticosteroids
  They regulate the immune system to control inflammation in the body. These are normally prescribed to ease the side effects of other treatments/drugs.

Stem cell transplant/bone marrow transplant

After a few months of treatment, doctors, as they find fit, may suggest opting for stem cell transplantation. Stem cells are removed from the body through a machine. A donor can then donate their cells.

Meanwhile, the cells removed are stored and one is exposed to chemotherapy, which may include radiation as well. This step is likely to destroy all cells in the bone marrow, both healthy and unhealthy ones.

Post this, the preserved or donated cells are transferred back into the bloodstream. The destroyed bone marrow can now be replaced by these special cells, which gradually start making new blood. It may take a few weeks to fortify the blood cells. Stem cell transplant can certainly help one live longer but this is no ultimate cure.

Treatment for bone damage symptoms

If other multiple myeloma treatments cause unbearable bone damage, the doctors are likely to recommend the below medications:

• Bisphosphonates
  This type of drug lags the process of the breakage of bones.
• Monoclonal antibodies
  This drug can completely stop cells from breaking down the bones.
• Radiation therapy
  A beam is passed through the body with a machine. This beam (radiation) destroys cancer cells and eases the pain, strengthening weakened bones.

Multiple myeloma varies widely among people. There are people who live long, without any symptoms. In few others, the condition may quickly worsen. Depending on your condition and overall health, the doctor may recommend different types of treatments. It is always advised to eat healthy, exercise, spend quality time with loved ones and stay positive.