Skin cancer is a type of cancer that is characterized by an abnormal growth of skin cells which are malignant in nature. It mostly develops in areas that are exposed to a lot of sunlight like scalp, neck, face, lips, chest, and limbs. It affects the squamous cells (first layer of skin after the outermost) causing squamous cell carcinoma, or the basal cells (the cells that produce new cells) causing basal cell carcinoma, or the melanocytes (the cells that produce melanin) causing melanoma.

Risk factors concerning skin cancer

Ultraviolet radiation

Parts of the skin which are exposed to direct sunlight can be affected by the ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. Ultraviolet radiation can also be absorbed by the skin when one uses tanning beds. These rays can be one of the major skin cancer risk factors. It is best to avoid direct exposure to sunlight as much as possible. You can do so by using sunscreen and covering up more with clothes.

Harsh chemicals

Contact with harsh chemicals or toxic substances can increase the chances of developing skin cancer. Some chemical elements like arsenic can be toxic and can increase the risk of cancer.

Immunity

Diseases or disorders which take a toll on one’s immune system can pave ways for skin cancer to take over. People suffering from HIV and people taking immunosuppressants for other diseases expose their immune system to a high amount of vulnerability. It contributes to one of the major skin cancer risk factors.

Sunburns

Recurring sunburns or a history of sunburns as a kid or teenager can increase the chances of skin cancer developing in the area with the most blisters. This is due to the repeated stress caused in that area, causing malignant growth.

Location

People who live in hot and sunny climates stand a higher chance of developing skin cancer due to the amount of sunlight they are subjected to every day. Living in higher elevations can also increase sunlight exposure.

Moles

Dysplastic nevi (abnormal moles) that are high in number on one’s body can invite skin cancer easier compared to those who have clear skin. Normal moles that are high in number can also do the same. Dysplastic nevi are irregular and larger than normal moles and are very likely to turn cancerous. Although there is nothing one can do to prevent them, these moles should be monitored periodically to check for malignancy.

Radiation

Apart from UV rays, there are other harmful radiations that can cause skin cancer. Although radiation is sometimes required for the treatment of other diseases such as eczema and acne, it can prove to be harmful and increase the chances of acquiring skin cancer. Radiation mostly results in basal cell carcinoma.

History
If one has had skin cancer earlier, they stand a higher chance for it to recur. Of all the skin cancer risk factors, a family history of skin cancer is the highest one.